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Frequently asked

Questions about marketplace
brand protection.

What Lupa monitors, how seller sales are estimated, how policy automation works, and the concepts behind grey market selling, Buy Box suppression and cross-border leakage.

About Lupa

What is Lupa Analytics?

Lupa Analytics is a brand health intelligence platform that monitors pricing, unauthorised sellers and channel compliance across Amazon, eBay, Google Shopping, Walmart and 18+ marketplaces. It goes beyond price monitoring to provide seller-level sales attribution, track how external retailers influence Amazon and Walmart pricing, and surface cross-border leakage before it degrades a brand's markets.

Which marketplaces does Lupa monitor?

Amazon across all global marketplaces, eBay in the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the US, the Walmart US marketplace and Google Shopping. It also monitors Allegro, Cdiscount, Bol.com, Otto, Zalando, Target, Fnac, Kaufland and 15+ more — over 18 marketplaces and eRetailers in total.

Does Lupa work globally?

Yes. Lupa covers Amazon across all global marketplaces and eBay across multiple countries, plus Walmart US, Google Shopping and 15+ additional international marketplaces. This makes it suitable for brands managing presence and pricing across several regions.

How is Lupa different from a standard price-monitoring tool?

Most tools stop at price monitoring. Lupa combines seller-level sales attribution, retailer influence tracking and cross-border leakage intelligence in a single platform. It provides the best available estimate of units sold per seller, shows which external retailer likely influenced Buy Box suppression, and assembles enforcement evidence automatically.

How is Lupa different from Keepa or other Amazon price trackers?

Keepa, Helium 10, Jungle Scout and similar tools primarily track Amazon pricing and history. Lupa is designed for brands that need marketplace intelligence across multiple channels — including seller-level sales attribution, unauthorised seller detection, cross-border leakage, retailer influence analysis and automated policy enforcement — not just Amazon price history.

Who is Lupa Analytics for?

Brand owners, eCommerce teams, commercial leadership and legal or brand-protection teams that sell through online marketplaces and eRetailers.

How do I see what Lupa can find on my brand?

Request a free sample brand report at the contact page or by emailing info@lupaanalytics.com. Lupa will show what it can see on your products across every channel it monitors, including unauthorised sellers, pricing violations and channel compliance.

Sales attribution and accuracy

How does Lupa estimate seller sales?

Lupa uses a confidence-based methodology built around observed stock movements, Buy Box status, pricing position and marketplace signals. It provides seller-level sales attribution — the best available estimate of units sold by each seller per day — rather than a single directly-observed number.

How accurate are the seller sales estimates?

Lupa does not guess. Every sales estimate is generated using a confidence-based methodology. Where sales can be directly observed, they are attributed as confirmed. Where stock visibility is limited — for example because sellers cap inventory or temporary data gaps occur — Lupa applies conservative inference rules rather than overstating sales. This gives brands a defensible view of which sellers are material and which are background noise.

Can I see historical pricing and seller history?

Yes. Lupa retains historical pricing and seller activity over time, including Buy Box ownership trends, and packages pricing history and seller identity into evidence packs. This lets brands see how a situation developed, not just a single snapshot.

Policy builder and automation

What is Lupa's policy builder and how do automated rules work?

Lupa lets brands set the rules once, then acts automatically. You codify your price policies and distribution agreements as rules. Every relevant trigger — a price violation, an unauthorised seller appearing, or a cross-border listing being found — is checked against those rules, and the right action follows: an evidence pack is created, a seller communication is sent, or the internal team is alerted. Each seller type gets the appropriate action without manual intervention.

What can Lupa automate?

Lupa automates violation detection, evidence capture, alert routing and seller communications. Price-policy violations, unauthorised sellers and cross-border listings are identified and logged automatically; an evidence pack is assembled; and the right internal contact — legal team, eCommerce manager or account manager — is notified based on the violation type, with no manual routing required.

How does Lupa help enforce price compliance?

Lupa lets brands codify price policies as rules, then automatically checks every seller against them, logs violations, captures evidence and alerts the right internal contact. This closes the gap between having a price policy and actually enforcing it.

What is in a Lupa evidence pack?

Each evidence pack includes historical pricing, seller identity, timestamps, marketplace information and supporting data. It is assembled automatically when a violation is detected and can be used internally or as part of an enforcement workflow.

Can Lupa alert me automatically when something changes?

Yes. Lupa detects violations — price-policy breaches, unauthorised sellers, cross-border listings — logs them automatically and alerts the right internal contact based on the violation type, with no manual routing required.

Sellers and authorisation

Can Lupa monitor authorised and unauthorised sellers separately?

Yes. Lupa distinguishes authorised sellers from unauthorised ones and breaks channel volume down by seller type — authorised, unauthorised, cross-border and retailer-driven — so brands can see exactly where sales are coming from.

Can I maintain my own authorised seller list?

Yes. Brands define their authorised seller list, and Lupa checks every seller against it as part of its automated rules. Sellers that are not on the list can be flagged and actioned automatically.

Grey market and unauthorised sellers

What is grey market selling?

Grey market selling is when genuine, authentic products are sold through channels the brand never authorised, often at prices the brand never agreed to, in markets it never intended. The product is real; the problem is the distribution chain — typically an authorised distributor selling excess stock to a third party who resells it on a marketplace.

How is the grey market different from counterfeiting?

Counterfeit goods are fake; grey market goods are genuine products sold outside authorised channels. Because grey market goods are technically authentic, they are rarely flagged or removed, which is why the volume is far larger and harder to police than counterfeiting.

Why are unauthorised sellers hard to detect on Amazon?

They often operate under generic seller names, cycle through accounts and move across ASINs. By the time a brand drafts a cease and desist, the seller has frequently sold through their inventory and moved on. Identifying where the leaked stock originated requires seller-level sales data.

Can Lupa help identify the source of grey market stock?

Lupa helps narrow down likely sources by combining seller activity, cross-border detection and volume signals to show which markets and sellers are involved and how material they are. Definitive source identification often still requires a test buy or distributor investigation, but Lupa provides the intelligence to direct that effort where it matters.

How can a brand measure grey market activity?

Start with measurement before enforcement: how many unauthorised sellers are active, in which markets, at what prices and moving what volume. Seller-level sales attribution shows which sellers are material and which are background noise, so enforcement effort goes where it counts.

Buy Box and retailer influence

What is Amazon Buy Box suppression?

Buy Box suppression is when Amazon removes the Buy Box from a listing entirely, so there is no default “Add to Basket” offer — usually because the product is available cheaper elsewhere. The listing loses visibility and conversion drops, often without any warning to the brand.

Why does my Buy Box disappear when a retailer drops their price?

Amazon monitors pricing across Amazon and external retailers, and external prices can influence Buy Box eligibility and pricing decisions. When an external or offline retailer sells below your Amazon price point, Amazon can treat your listing as overpriced and suppress the Buy Box.

What is retailer influence?

Retailer influence shows which external retailers and marketplace sellers are driving pricing changes on Amazon or Walmart. Rather than simply showing who is cheapest today, Lupa identifies which retailer likely triggered Buy Box suppression or a first-party price match — connecting an external undercut to your Buy Box position.

How can brands prevent Buy Box suppression?

Prevention starts with visibility: monitoring prices daily across every channel, including external retailers, so undercuts are caught before they trigger suppression. Lupa tracks Buy Box ownership, logs suppression events and links them to the external pricing that likely caused them.

Cross-border leakage

What is cross-border leakage?

Cross-border leakage is when inventory intended for one region surfaces for sale in another market, usually at a lower price. It undermines a brand's local pricing strategy because products priced for one territory end up competing against the brand's own sellers in a different, more expensive one.

How does EU inventory end up undercutting UK prices?

A distributor in a lower-priced market sells stock that is then resold across the border. Because the goods were priced for the original territory, they can be listed below the brand's intended UK price, dragging down the local market price and destabilising the Buy Box before the brand is aware of it.

How can brands detect parallel imports and cross-border leakage?

Detection requires monitoring listings and seller activity across marketplaces in multiple countries and connecting where stock appears to where it likely originated. Lupa surfaces cross-border listings and flags leakage early, before it spreads and becomes a structural pricing problem.

Test buys and counterfeiting

What is a test buy in brand protection?

A test buy is when a brand purchases its own product from a suspicious seller to inspect what is actually delivered. It moves beyond monitoring, which only shows who is selling and at what price, to reveal the real condition, authenticity, packaging and source of the goods in the box.

Why do brand protection programmes need test buys?

Monitoring detects suspicious sellers, but it cannot confirm what a customer actually receives. A test buy closes that evidence gap, providing the physical proof needed for enforcement action against counterfeit, tampered or unauthorised goods.

Is counterfeiting only a problem for luxury brands?

No. Counterfeiting affects mainstream and everyday brands, not just luxury. Any product with demand and margin can be counterfeited, and marketplaces make it easy for fakes to reach customers under a legitimate brand's listings.

Price policy and price erosion

What is a brand price policy?

A price policy is a brand's set of rules on how its products may be priced by resellers and across channels. It is designed to protect margins and channel relationships, but a policy on paper only has value if the brand can see whether it is actually being followed.

Why do brands need visibility to enforce a price policy?

Most brands have a price policy; far fewer have the visibility to enforce it. Without daily monitoring across every channel, violations are invisible until the damage is done. You can't protect what you can't see.

Can a brand control its own market price?

In practice, a brand's market price is set by the market, not solely by the brand. You set a recommended price, but sellers set their own. Without monitoring across every channel, the real market price drifts away from the price you intended.

What causes price erosion across marketplaces?

Price erosion accumulates when unauthorised sellers undercut, cross-border stock enters at lower prices and pricing algorithms match downward. Each undercut pulls the market price lower, pressures authorised partners and compounds over time.

How do brands stop price erosion becoming structural?

Catch it early with continuous visibility, then act on the sources through enforcement and channel management before low prices become the new normal. Once eroded pricing is baked in across channels, it is far harder to recover.

See your brand's blind spots.

Request a sample brand report and we will show you exactly what Lupa can see on your products across every channel we monitor.

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